The Censorship of Pornography - 1581 Words

Censorship of Pornography: Censorship is vital and takes place on a daily basis in the modern society even in nations that state their respect and maintenance of the freedom of speech. For instance, there are several regulations that restrict broadcasters in the kind of programmes to be transmitted as specific times of the day. The other ways with which censorship happens every day is through the laws that forbid people from expressing themselves publicly toward particular political or ethnic groups and those that restrict cinema-goers in the choice of film. In the past few years, censorship of pornography has emerged as key issue of public debate, especially whether such measures would be unjustified infringement of peoples basic freedom. Censorship of pornography is at the center of debate since its still uncertain on whether the government can legally ban citizens from viewing or publishing pornography. Understanding Pornography: Pornography is a term derived from Greek writing on prostitutes and is currently considered as any material such as words or pictures that is sexually explicit (West, 2004). Notably, this description includes different kinds of material in divergent contexts because of the different consideration of what sexually explicit material is from culture to culture. In some cases, pornography is described as sexually explicit material that is basically developed to produce sexual arousal in its viewers. Throughout history, pornography hasShow MoreRelated Censorship Essay - No Need to Censor Pornography1362 Words   |  6 PagesNeed to Censor Pornography      Ã‚  Ã‚   Pornography is often considered an ugly word and possibly an ugly act. The pictures and words of pornography can be vulgar and degrading to many of us, but is it the evil of all things? Is it, and it alone, responsible for sexism, rape, racism, battery, and child abuse? No! The media is loaded with many sexist, racist, violent material, and most of it is not considered pornography. The issue of violence and oppression is much deeper than pornography. Most peopleRead MoreCensorship of Internet Pornography is Unconstitutional Essay2385 Words   |  10 Pagesaccess to pornographic materials, one can pay a one-time fee of $9.95 to an Adult Check service (Levy 54). Also the Child Pornography Protection Act has been passed. It is to combat the use of computer technology that enables a pornographer to alter a picture of a child to make it seem as though the child engaged in an explicit sex act (Quittner 74). Rulings about child pornography have existed for years and will alway s enacted whether it is in the cyber universe or in magazine and movies. State lawsRead More Children and the Censorship of Internet Pornography Essay4060 Words   |  17 Pagesbackgrounds come together linked upon this network resembling a connection of one body in unity. Sadly, issues arise creating concern for users, focusing particularly on minors. Pornography is one of the inappropriate materials on the Internet for minors. This material is harmful to young impressionable minds. Pornography is tearing and disintegrating the foundations of our society can be described as follows, what was available to a small number of people willing to drive to the bad side of townRead MoreEssay about Internet Pornography Censorship vs Free Speech1671 Words   |  7 Pagesespecially when it comes to pornography, or cyberporn, as it is more commonly referred to when it is displayed on the Internet. Should cyberporn be censored? If so, who is responsible, parents or the government? Is Internet censorship the solution, or a violation of the first amendment? The citizens of a democracy must make these kinds of decisions while simultaneously maintaining freedom and responsibility on the Internet. BACKGROUND OF THE PROBLEM Pornography on the Internet and the easeRead MoreFeminism and Pornography: Differing Views1221 Words   |  5 PagesThe pornography debate has been an issue within the feminist movement that has been pushed to the periphery in recent times. It is not as widely seen on the main stage of the feminist agenda and this may be because of a division in feminist thought with regards to pornography. Generally speaking, there are â€Å"pro-sex† feminists who believe that women have the right to do what they wish with their bodies and there are â€Å"pro-censorship† feminists who believe pornography is inherently degrading and violentRead MoreEssay on Is Censorship Justified?1174 Words   |  5 PagesIs Censorship Justified? Ever wondered the reason behind racial discrimination, sexual discrimination, children committing crime or violence? The main reason is that censorship is not properly imposed or there is a need of censorship in the society. Censorship is the suppression of ideas and information that certain people, individual, groups or government officials find it objectionable, offensive or dangerous on others. There are varieties of other definitions but all have in common the conceptRead More Internet Censorship Essay802 Words   |  4 PagesInternet Censorship Internet Censorship. What does this mean to us? What is restricted? Censorship is summarily defined as the suppression of objectionable material. That means that material such as pornography, militant information, offensive language, anti-religion, and racism would be restricted in use. Freedom would not only be restricted to material placed on the web, but also what you could access, and where you could explore. Should the right of Freedom of Speech be taken away fromRead MoreInternet Censorship Essay994 Words   |  4 Pagesjust about everything is regulated in one fashion or another, many are calling for the censorship of Internet pornography. While some say it is a necessity when it comes to the industry, others argue it is downright unlawful. Internet pornography is a billion dollar industry that shows no signs of slowing down. Some argue that it may be high time to step in and slow it down for them in the form of censorship. A recent study concluded that there are around 4.2 million pornographic websites on theRead More Religion and Sexual Censorship in America Essay646 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Those of us who trust sexuality must not allow ourselves to be controlled by those who fear it (Marty Klein).† In America censorship has affected various mediums: print, art, television, and internet, as it pertain to sexuality. However the first amendment â€Å"protects† the right to free speak, and press. Congress has tried to pass bills to outlaw pornography, (but have failed) ban books for sexual content, and dictate what can be said on TV and radio. If the government is allowed to censor theseRead MoreEssay Censorship Is Wrong846 Words   |  4 Pages Censorship: an official authorised to examine printed matter, films, news, etc., before public release, and to suppress any parts on the grounds of obscenity, a threat to security, etc. (Dictionary, MS Encarta) Censorship is the removal of material from public viewing or the ability to withhold any material from being released. Using this definition, this issue of pornography seems to be in the grey area of the censorship debate. On the one side there are the people who want to protect their

Self-Fulfilling Prophecy The Choices MacBeth Made That...

A self-fulfilling prophecy is a statement that alters one’s actions and evokes a behavior from a person/character which makes the originally false statement come true (Wisegeek). For example, one might say, â€Å"Today is going to be a great day!† Which will alter a persons actions in a way that will actually make this prediction come true. William Shakespeare’s, The Tragedy of Macbeth, uses self-fulfilling prophecy in a subtle yet foreshadowing way to prepare and unfurl the thoughts and actions of his characters. This tragedy, written in the early 1600’s, was composed mainly to appeal new interests around London. It is a depiction of a noble, along with his wife, who brutally slaughters a King and his kinsman so that he may be the King†¦show more content†¦He realizes that if he want to start his own dynasty, then he will have to have control of all the variables. Then Macbeth began to think, â€Å"For Banquo’s issues have I filed my min d;/ For them the gracious Duncan I have murdered† (Shakespeare 85). He realizes that he has set himself up to fail. He is cleared a path to the crown for Banquo’s kin. Macbeth goes on to state, â€Å"He chid the sisters/ When first they put the name of king upon me† (Shakespeare 85). This give the readers the thought that Banquo is jealous of the king. Macbeth, not wanting to risk his crown, calls for some outside murderers. As I stated earlier, Macbeth knew he must get rid of Banquo and his sons. He succeeds in having Banquo killed, but Banquo’s son, Fleance (the one person Macbeth needed to kill), escapes. Going in a change of direction, here are some points of self-fulfilling prophecy with Lady Macbeth. After killing Duncan Lord Macbeth was guilt ridden, he was stricken with regret. Lady Macbeth told him just to forget it ever happened, â€Å"Using those thoughts which should have died/ With them they think on? Things without all remedy/ Should be with out regard. What’s done is done† (Shakespeare 93). She also said to him, â€Å"You face, my thane, is as a book where men/ May read strange matters, To beguile the time/ Look like the time. Bear welcome in your eye,/ Your hand, your tongue. Look like th’ innocent/ flower,† (ShakespeareShow MoreRelatedThe Tragedy Of Macbeth By William Shakespeare1205 Words   |  5 PagesThe play of Macbeth is a tragedy which led to his demise. Macbeth was an honorable solider whose life became one of a traitor and a coward. The conflict of light and darkness within Macbeth began after he receives a prophecy from three witches that one day he will become King. This prediction without a doubt consumes him with ambition and greed. In order to fulfill the three witches prophecy Macbeth is led down his treacherous path by his wife, Lady Macbeth who urges him to murder King Duncan and

Challenges of Inflation Targeting Market †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Challenges of Inflation Targeting Market. Answer: Introduction Ceccheti and Schoenholtz (2015) defines inflation as a phenomenon where general price level in the economy increase overtime. The rate of inflation is the rate of continuous increases in general price level affecting household, firms and government. Obtaining a stable price level is a central objective of central bank in order to achieve a stable economic growth. It is a continuous process where price level goes on increasing at a continuous phase. Inflation does not refer to the event of sudden price rise at any specific point of time. Inflation in the economy is computed by considering price movement of a certain basket of goods and services in the given year. A price index is then constructed using the prices of the taken based and compared with price index of the base year. The inflation rate is finally calculated as a percentage change in the relevant price indices (UNISA 2017). The selected basket of goods and services differs depending on the categories of goods ad assigned weight on the goods in the basket. A number of price indices are available to compute the increases in price of the basket. Some common price indices used for the present paper are given as follows Consumer Price Index (CPI): The consumer price index intend to measure the cost of living in two different periods to maintain a balanced standard of living. The measured inflation rate using CPI is called headline inflation. Here, the goods and services used by the households are valued to measure the average price level of the household. The inflation targeting policy of central bank uses the measured inflation to stabilize price. Producer Price Index (PPI): Producer Price Index is used to trace the change in wholesale prices that is prices charged by the suppliers of the manufactured goods. As noted by UNISA 2017, PPI focuses on the prices of intermediate goods. The intermediate goods refer to the goods that are exchanged between firms. The basket includes mostly consumer goods that the retailers pay to the manufacturer. The index therefore measures the production cost. The inflation rate computed from consumer price index is compared with the core inflation rate. Core inflation is a more sustainable measure to trace the price level movement. There are several methods of computing core inflation in the economy. The ne used by the Reserve Bank of South Africa is the method of exclusion. In this method some of the goods are removed from the selected basket of good. These goods are energy, petrol and food. For these goods price level remains generally unstable and transitory (UNISA 2017). The paper discusses nature of inflation and inflation targeting in South Africa. After giving major definition related of inflation the paper analyzes the nature of inflation in describing conflict of income distribution. This then shows the importance of inflation targeting in framing monetary policy of the central bank. The issues are analyzed in context of South Africa and find the significance of exchange rate in inflation rate determination in South Africa. In this context the role of money in the inflation process, the significant role played by different sector of the economy to control inflation and major challenges that the emerging markets face in the phase of inflation targeting policy are evaluated. The nature of inflation as an indicator of conflict over income distribution The discussion of inflation needs a starting point. The inflation in an economy arises with increases in the set of goods or in a single good. Price in the market is a medium of exchange between the buyers and sellers. The price is the amount of money that needs to be exchanged at times of transaction of goods and services.The inflation therefore implies the situation where the suppliers raises price to raise their income and buyers still willing to make their purchase even ta a high price. The increase in the price level means suppliers are able to increases their income through a high price at the cost of the buyers. The trend of inflation starts with a price hike in a single good and then gradually transforms to other goods creating inflationary pressure. The inflation in the economy is explained either supply side factors or demand factors. The cost-push inflation arises because of an increase in the production cost. The producers raise their price to recover the increased cost. Suppliers often raise the price in order to increase their profit margin. This is called profit push inflation. Increase in the demand for a good creates upward pressure on price and the resulted inflation is called demand-pull inflation. The suppliers compensates the loss incurred in times of purchasing any good that they desire to purchase by raising the price of the goods supplied by themselves. The incidence of inflation affects all the economic agents in different ways, no matter whether they are participating in trade or not. This can be explained with a simple example. Workers demand for an increase in their remuneration because of inflation. This raises the wage cost to the firm, which then raises the price to make higher payment to its employee. If price raises and buyers continue to purchase goods without raising the price of their own supplied goods including labor then the motion of inflation stopped. There remains inflationary motion that can be put into force. In this situation, the overall price level stops moving and stays unchanged. In the other instance, where the goods that demander purchase experiences a hike and they compensate their loss from purchasing by raising the price of the goods that they supplied then the inflation spiral is in motion. Then, there is an indication towards conflict over income distribution. The next aspect to be discussed is identification of factors that makes an economy prone to inflationary pressure. Three factors play key role here. These are described as follows A sustained increase in the price of goods or services regarded as essential input of in the production process or importance for maintaining living standard. In this situation, demanders may decide to absorb the small increase in price without pass on the burden in terms of raising price or wages. In order to avoid inflation, essential items such as fuels, staple food, exchange rate and wages should have stability in price. In order to have cost-push inflation, major sectors such as firms, government and labor should be large so that they can able to protect their real income in the phase of increasing production cost by raising prices. In this case, inflation is realized because of lack of competition in goods and labor market. In this situation, business possesses enough bargaining power without concerning for losing sales volume. The labor union enjoys the bargaining power and can increase the wage without affecting level of employment and output. In case of government, it has the potential to raise taxes without fearing for any tax revolt. This is the situation where the major sectors in the economy instead of absorbing lower profit, lower tax income and lower real wage, pass on the burden to other by hiking price. This creates inflationary pressure, which perpetuates to price level of major commodities and prevents prices to come down. This is true for firms that are major exporters. In situation w here these firms are price takers in the international market and can give in high wage demand have incentives to prevent these demands (UNISA 2017). In situation where there are highly elastic money supply, then forces of demand-pull inflation easily transmitted to an increase in demand for credit and inflationary pressure is accumulated via credit demand. In a less elastic or rigid structure of money supply firms usually do not raise price to pass their cost burden on demander because of the fear of losing market share. If firms raise price, then buyers find it difficult to finance their spending because of increasing cost. A tight monetary policy aims at reducing inflation by creation of money through raising interest rate. The idea is when there is less money and falling demand for goods then firms are left with no other option but to absorb the increasing cost and prevents the wage demand. The role of money in the process of inflation Inflation reflects the changing value of money. Price of goods purchased today is several times higher than that in years ago. Irrespective of kinds of goods necessary or luxury, prices are higher today than they were before. There is a positive correlation between rate of growth in the money supply and inflation rate. Inflation is defined as the continuous rise in the general price level and hence is associated with the growth money supply. There are instances of countries where inflation moves in lines with money supply. Countries such as Ukraine, Turkey and Zambia during 2000 to 2010 have experienced high inflation and high money supply. The developed countries such as United States of America, Sweden are countries that experience low inflation along with low supply of money. This validates the assertion made by Milton Friedman that inflation is a monetary phenomenon. UNISA (2017) supports the claim made by the Friedman. It indicates the fact that a persistent increase in general price level requires an increase in total supply of money to keep the transaction volume not to shrink. It suggests inflation is a demand-pull phenomenon and accelerates with a rise in money stock. The supply side factors can also play a potential role in influencing inflation and sustain inflationary impulses (UNISA 2017). The quantity theory of money is not applicable in the short run as that in the long run as it assumes complete flexibility of prices and wages. It indicates a change in the price level because of a change in quantity of money (Mishkin 2013). In order to continue purchase at a higher price buyers need some additional financing capacity. The financing capacity can be increased only through monetary injection that increasing supply of money by the central bank or preventing monetary leakages such as selling of financial assets, dishoarding and others. Owing to financial limit with dishoarding increasing money remains only feasible option to boost purchasing power. This implies increase in money supply is the only way to promotes inflation in the economy. During inflation central bank faces the problem of bank debt because more money is required to support the aggregate demand gives boost to the price level. If credit supply does not increases with inflation then people reduces their demand which hurts the volume of sales and slows economic growth. The declining growth rate reduces output and employment and restricts further growth. The unchanged money supply in times of inflation means financial loss as same amount of goods and services are exchanged and maintained at a higher cost. This explains the rationale for allowing increasing money supply to support minimal inflation. However, the money supply is increased within limit. The reason for accepting all sectors in the society that real income cannot grow in excess of productivity gains to come down inflation Inflation has monetary implication in the form that those in the demand side charges a high price in times of behaving as producer to finance their additional cost of purchasing. Banks are the main source of credit expansion in terms of providing additional money supply. Therefore, supply of money needs to be increased to support inflation. There are some major sectors in the economy that has contribution to creation of more money in the economy. These sectors are the following Firms and household that involve in mortgaging to take loans from banks in order to make property purchase. Government, in times of financing deficit through selling bonds and treasury bills to the central bank. Household and small firms running with debt in form of bank overdraft and debt to credit card. Central and commercial banks through purchasing debt paper from non bank financial institution and public. The importance of exchange rate in determination of inflation in South Africa The central bank though can directly control money supply in the economy however cannot directly control the rate of inflation. However, there are other channels through which central bank can influence the inflation rate. One such channel is exchange rate. In South Africa, exchange rate alone is the most significant determinant of inflation rate. The reasons for importance of exchange rate in determining the inflation rate are the following The first reason is that a considerable portion of consumer goods in South Africa are imported from abroad. Secondly, a significant portion of domestic production coast comprise of imported raw material inputs such as machines, skilled labor, tools, fuels and other essential components. Therefore, price of domestic currency relative to its trading partners play is a vital component of the economy. Depreciation of currency makes import costlier. Because of heavy reliance on import for both consumer and producer goods depreciation of currency that raises price of imported manufactured goods and input6s raises cost of production in the nation. The rising production cost shifted to the households in forms of raising prices pointing to cost push inflation. For a small open economy like South Africa the sudden inflow or outflow of capital affects the balance of payment account by influencing the capital account and this affects the exchange rate. For example, fluctuation in inflation rate during recession in 2008-2009, in the middle of 2014 and important political decision in 2015 where Finance ministry considers various changes largely contributed to a decline in the value of rand. In this way, exchange rate plays a vital role in deciding the future price level. In order to reduce inflation a structural solution is required. To achieve this following requirement need to be met. Stability is required in the cost of major inputs such as wage and prices of oil. In addition prices of those goods necessary for leading a standard living such as bread, maize and clothes needs to be stable. Competition should be encouraged both in the goods and factor market. The money supply should be less elastic. As per UNISA (2017d, p.60), the central monetary authority has some counter inflationary measures to counter inflation. The inflation in the economy can only be reduced when major sectors such as labor, business and government accepts the reduction in the real income in forms of lower wage, profit and increase in payable tax in times as compared to that in times of inflation. Implication of inflation targeting in the framework of monetary policy and its application in South Africa Under the inflation targeting program of monetary policy framework, the central bank first sets a target inflation rate and then uses tools of monetary policies to achieve this target. The inflation targeting framework gives transparency to the central banks monetary framework (SARB Inflation Targeting Framework, 2017). Several countries adapt the inflation targeting policy with a varying level of targeted inflation. Some countries chose a range of inflation targets while others decide to stick on a particular targeted point of inflation. Some countries sort to the policy of setting inflation target in between an extreme point and a targeted range. Setting inflation target to a particular point has the flexibility of target setting. The inflation target within a range helps the nation to absorb shocks that the central authority cannot control. In 2000, South Africa made formal introduction to the policy of inflation targeting though the framework was already present informally. The announcement had made in August 1999. The policy was succeeded by a set of other policies such as discretionary monetary policy, targeting exchange rate, aggregate monetary target (SARB Inflation Targeting Framework, 2017). The inflation targeting policy decreases political duty. With set inflation target the pressure on the central bank is reduced as it no longer needs to take inflationary policy in the long run . this in turn reduces the likelihood of employment expansion in the short run. It helps general public to understand the inflation targeting and thereby reduces the uncertainty in times of discretionary monetary policy and helps to cope with interest rate, inflation. The SARB Monetary policy Committee informs public about the interest rate and corresponding inflation rate. It helps to regulate the monetary policy and thus increases accountability of the central bank. The transparent inflation target clears the objective of central bank to be met. Once the actual rate deviates from the targeted rate central bank needs to investigate the reason behind the deviation. In line with the advantages, followings are the main disadvantages of the policy It takes some times for the monetary policy to effectively achieve the inflation target. This time lag results in delayed signaling about the price level with revelation of set inflation target to the public considerable time lag. Then pre set inflation target is suspected to make the monetary policy rigid where the monetary authority is unable to deal with unforeseen circumstances. Too much focus on inflation when the prevailing inflation rate is beyond the target results in a restrictive monetary policy leading to high fluctuation in prices. A high inflation causes low growth of economies and employment- a situation similar to current economic scenario of South Africa. The Inflation Targeting Framework of SARB in 2017, states that monetary policy is unable to influence growth and employment creation in the long term. It can only provide a stable financial environment. This helps top fulfill the necessary pre condition of economic development. Importance of expected inflation in determining inflation rate and the role of inflation expectation in inflation targeting As mentioned by UNISA (2017) the inflation expectation plays a vital role in determining anti inflationary policy. In this regard, adaption of inflation targeting policy by the government of South Africa constitutes a clear example. At first, an announcement is made in public about the numerical inflation figure or targeted inflation rate. An institutional commitment is made stating inflation as the primary long term monetary policy goal and promise to achieve the announced inflation target. An approach including detail information about important macro variables to taker monetary policy decision is taken. There are increased means of communication to bring transparency in the monetary policy. The accountability of the central bank increases to achieve the objective of inflation. The central bank aims that public makes inflation adjustment in line with downward inflation pressure. It believes that the inflation expectation that is made today is the main driving factor for inflation rate in future. The households in the economy adjusts the inflation expectation wit their income demand. These adjustments tend to fulfill future inflation target (UNISA 2017 d, p.64). Inflation expectation thus turns out as self-fulfilling and at the same time threatens the long term policy goals of the economy. Therefore, in other countries the central bank adapts tight monetary policy using the instrument of increased interest rate without considering the adverse effect on state of economic growth. The workers demand a high wage to compensate the loss due to price rise. UNISA 2017 finds out that price rise firms often take place in pro active manner as the firms anticipate increasing cost of production from their inflation anticipation. This encourages the firms more to raise their prices. A declining inflation target is set in times when the inflation expectation in the economy is reduced (UNISA 2017). Therefore, it can be hoped that with a disclosure of inflation target to the public nad commitment of the central bank to achieve the target using its central power the inflation in the economy can be controlled. When public possess a downward inflation expectation then inflation target is set with a downward pressure price level. The major challenges that emerging countries like South Africa face in times of adapting framework for inflation targeting A successful implementation of inflation targeting policy needs to fulfill some basic requirement. As most of the developing or emerging economies unable to comply with this requirement, the inflation targeting turns out to be an inappropriate policy tool for these economies (Khan 2008). The emerging markets of developing countries are more vulnerable to economic shocks a greater flexibility is required on part of these countries to resist the shocks. The example countries include Brazil, Turkey, Ukraine and others. The mechanism for combating inflation targeting policy involves cost as stated by UNISA 2017. There are countries where such costs are so high that anti inflationary policy is opposed by most of the policymakers. Considering the high cost involved in the inflation targeting policy these countries chose to accept the high price with the hope that persistent inflation is not a permanent state and inflation will be reduced after some time and prevents the economy from experiencing a state of hyperinflation. High interest rate have adverse effect on the economic agents highly dependents on the bank credit for financing their activities. Example includes credit needs of the household in terms of mortgaging bonds to afford their property purchase. The tight monetary policy though intended to reduce the inflation rate adversely affected the growth rate of labor and business. The counter inflationary policy is not successful unless these agents cooperate with accepting the reduced income in form of reduced profit and wages. A deflation which is opposite to inflation and describes a decline in the general price level increases the value of bank debt in real terms. The indebted firms and household counter the situation by restricting expenditure to repay the debt. This leads to a shrink in economic activity and decreases money supply. The result is another round of deflationary pressure on prices. This is exactly what happened during great depression in 1930s. The mechanism through which a supply shock in the form of a considerable rise in settlements of real wages (nominal wages raise more than the current inflation rate) could affect the economy of South Africa in current situation and an appropriate policy response of SARB The study reflects that though inflation is indentified as a monetary phenomenon however it initially begins with the rise in a single commodity or a group of commodities and then gradually transmitted to the overall price level. The initial rise in the general price level when occurs at the initiatives of suppliers then it is called supply push inflation. The supply push inflation is then divided into two categories namely cost push inflation and profit push inflation. The cost push inflation occurs when suppliers raise the prices to recover the increased cost of production. Profit push inflation on the other hand occurs when suppliers raise price simply to increase their profit margin. These two are not the only reasons of inflation. Price may rise because of an increase in demand in the economy. Prices rise in response to a high demand and termed as demand-pull inflation. References Cecchetti, SG Schoenholtz, KL (2015): Money, Banking and Financial Markets. 4th edition. McGraw-Hill Irwin. Khan, B, 2008. Challenges of Inflation Targeting for Emerging Market Economies: The South African Case (presentation at a conference on challenges for Monetary Policymakers, South African Reserve Bank), 29-31 October. https://www.resbank.co.za/Lists/News%20and%20Publications/Attachments/51/Brian+Kahn.pdf Accessed on 21 October 2017. Mishkin, B (2013): The Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets. 10th Edition. Pearson. The South African Reserve Bank Inflation Targeting Framework (2017) https://www.resbank.co.za/MonetaryPolicy/DecisionMaking/Pages/default.aspx Accessed on 26 October 2017. Kantor, Brian Kavoli, H. 2011. Inflation and Inflation Expectations in South Africa: The observed absence of second round effects. https://www.zaeconomist.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Study-on-Inflation-and-Expectations.pdf Accessed on 27 October 2017. Unisa, 2017. The Basics of Inflation, Tutorial letter 105/2017, Pretoria: Unisa, pp.69 - 91

Swansea Metropolitan and University of Wales Trinity St Davids

Introduction Communication within organizations is vital for full attainment of goals and objectives to enhance customer satisfaction in terms of service experience. Company interactions with customers involve applying different methods that ensure that customers’ pieces of information reach the sales department.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Swansea Metropolitan and University of Wales: Trinity St Davids specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Since this communication process involves many people, it requires appropriate management to guarantee best customer service to the present and future customers. Currently, organizations are adopting the use of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software to improve quality of their service provisions to their clients. The software helps in organizing and tracking contacts of both the present and future customers. Just as other online applications, the software minim izes logistical requirements and time wastage since all employees in every department can view a customer’s information and respond appropriately (Murray 2013). At the same time, a customer will obtain timely response from the necessary departments hence saving productive time. The Database Management System that Swansea Metropolitan University and the University of Wales: Trinity Saint Davids included in their system will ease the logistics required in communicating to and managing their students. The report expounds on the benefits that will accrue to the two institutions after adopting CRM, especially in decision-making processes. In addition, it will discuss the principles of Big Data and metrics and examines the gains that the University of Wales is likely to realise in adopting CRM. Finally, the treatise will expound on the ethical and legal implications that may face the institution for storing students’ data for future marketing purposes. Customer Relationship Management (CRM) System Organisations interact with customers in three main ways: back office operations, front office contacts, and business contacts. In marketing, business contacts is where a company’s workforce intermingles with suppliers and customers through trade associations and various industry activities (Malhotra Birks 2007). Front office contacts entail straight connections that company workers have with dealers and consumers through mails and phone messaging. On the other hand, back office operations are sequences that aid phone call and e-mailing services such as marketing, promotion, and investment relations.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The use of CRM pays more focus to customers thereby enabling organizations to attract and retain customers through better service provisions, understand their customers, cut cost of managing customers and increase profit maximization. For successful service provision, CRM has different components such as campaign management, sales force automation, and customer service. Further, the process allows firms to communicate to their customers on marketing activities, sell goods and services to customers, and handle after-sales service necessities for customers. Markedly, the Customer Relationship Management software stores all communications with clients as they transpire so that any company worker can retrieve it in future in case need arises. Sales force automation component eliminates instances of effort duplication hence increasing efficiency. Moreover, it expands sales opportunities for current and new customers and even makes it possible for employees not in the sales department to access customers’ recent data easily. In essence, the element improves customer services, as all employees are aware of consumers’ current contact information. When sales representatives get prospecti ve clients, they often use a given set of decisive factors that centre at a drive of attracting new businesses. In the campaign process, the targeted customers receive inducements inform of special sales terms and marketing resources (Murray 2013). This Customer Relationship Management element takes into account all promotion trends, customers’ feedbacks and ultimate scrutiny from the initiative. Elements and Benefits of CRM CRM software has enhanced levels of business-customer engagement in its ability to manage contract wins, business contacts, and client’s information (Malhotra Birks 2007). Customer Relationship Management provides organisations with customers’ business information, which enables them supply products and services that meets customers’ needs. For that reason, CRM solutions enhance customer satisfaction. Additionally, the system allows effective cross-sell, up-sell, and provision of better customer services. Notably, organisations that understand the behaviours of their clients are highly likely to attract and retain current customers in the process.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Swansea Metropolitan and University of Wales: Trinity St Davids specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advancements in technology has presented numerous challenges to companies in identifying the tastes and preferences of a target market and completely altered consumers buying behaviours thus forcing them to use new ways of reaching their present and prospective customers. An effective CRM solution helps business leaders in making prudent and insightful decisions. At the University of Wales: Trinity St Davids, the management will be able to understand the nature and dynamics of their students. For instance, the management will be able to save data of students applying for first year courses thus offering effective platforms for the academics department to identify the st udents’ potentials and levels of interest in allocating the courses. Further, since the software allows for real time access of data in the dashboard, the university will be at an advantaged position to make right decisions at the right time. A marketing decision-maker having customers’ data at real time is able to monitor expected performances versus the actual results thus driving the marketing return on investments (Galligan 2012). The University will be able to process students’ requests and complaints in real time through the CRM dashboard. Evidently, the software reduces the costs of addressing students’ concern, as the administration will easily identify better processes at the contact centres. It makes student management easy since the administration can solve students’ issues on their first call given more in-depth data on the dashboard. Students’ service provision within the university will be quick and timely given that the admini stration will have students’ data in real time and even mitigate potential threats to students’ satisfaction. The CRM system will also improve the rate at which the university will carry out course-selection for the new students, which will enable it gain competitive advantage over other institutions in Wales and England. When the university departments are able to work together, they will not only have great insights into the objectives of the institution but also develop effective marketing strategies (Wilson 2006).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Principles of Big Data and metrics Businesses that can handle Big Data are more likely to be competitive than their competitors who cannot (Hayes 2012). This concept involves bringing together vast quantities of data, analyzing and processing them to extract valuable information. When Swansea Metropolitan University and the University of Wales: Trinity Saint David merged, it is evident that there are abundant data that need re-organization and analysis for the benefit of the institutions. Since the two institutions have different management systems, data integration into a single system will be a challenging task, but through data federation and information integration, it will be possible. Here, data reside where they have been, instead of moving them to other applications. Big data involves fast analysis of varied and massive data that reflect on reality to gain the trust of other users. One has to understand first the reasons for acquiring Big Data. In other words, one has to kno w its importance and substantiate how he/she intends to extract valuable information from Big Data. This process will enable one to make substantial decisions regarding the functions of a business. For effective communication, a well-engineered and harmonised reporting system that removes information overload that can cause confusion for users is necessary. Data minimization is also a key principle of Big Data. This principle ensures that everybody get full data that they need for their work and not in excess of that (Hayes 2013). Data protection prevents exploitation and accessibility by unauthorised parties. Data in the university’s database are extremely sensitive and requires maximum protection for use in a specified purpose. In addition, a functional reporting system where the validity of information is not in doubt and set operational goals maximise customer satisfaction. For better services, organisations need to train their employees so that they can answer customersà ¢â‚¬â„¢ questions successfully. The process of data integration should be customer-centred to enable organisations create impact on their customers. In higher education, Big Data can focus on areas of student progress, institutional finance and budgeting, and resource optimisation. Benefits of Big Data to the University The University of Wales: Trinity St Davids stands to benefit immensely from developing Big Data Networks. For instance, the collected data will assist in addressing strategic issues, such as institutional finance management and budgeting. When the university hosts data at one point all employees can access it thus enhancing accountability and transparency in areas where funds are used. As a result, the university’s overall management will have clean sheets on financial management hence making it register positive image to current and prospective students. Other areas that the institution will preserve its data include enrolment management, progress of strategi c plan, student learning, library, research advancement, procurement and faculty teaching and research performance. The University of Wales: Trinity St Davids will also be able to understand the demographics and behaviours of its students, as all students will be in the Database. Notably, the entire university department will have full access of students’ details, such as characters, ages, religious affiliations, and nationalities. Essentially, the development will assist the institution in monitoring its students with ease. Additionally, Database Management System will benefit the university by optimising use of resources. This is possible since all departments will be monitoring and evaluating the expected results from all resources within the institution. Scrutiny of resources across all university departments will improve the usability and productivity of resources (Javalgi, Martin Young 2006). The initiative will also enable the university to recruit many students at ag o, as the process will not only automate all courses but also improve the relationship between new students and the university administration. In sum, the system will increase the efficiency and effectiveness of the university services. Ethical and Legal Issues In attempting to use customers’ data in marketing, the University of Wales: Trinity St Davids will be contravening the policy of individual privacy (Chisnall 1997). Since the institution may apply business-to-consumer marketing as a way of enticing other students to join its courses, the privacy concern is less clear on the context of internet development. Personal data like address, social security numbers, age, likes and dislikes are key concerns to customers. In the UK, the revised 1998 Data Protection Act helps in protecting personal data and marketers ought to be consistent with privacy law whenever they are marketing their products and services via the internet (Ethical Constraints n.d.). In addition, the Univers ity of Wales: Trinity St Davids will not be able to control those who will access the data, as it will be difficult to identify end-users. However, the institution can plant cookies in on the end-users computers to enable websites identify them. The university should also get the consent of the students to transfer data ownership to third parties. On the legal front, citizens expect their personal data and resources to keep them safe and secure. The Data Protection Act (DPA) assists in giving evidence in a legal proceeding involving unlawful sharing of personal data. The university will have to document the need for sharing data with other prospective consumers, information to share and the means of sharing it to avert situations of privacy violations (Ethical Constraints n.d.). Since the Welsh Government encouraged the need for higher institutions to adopt CRM, this does not guarantee the university to share customers’ information under a public sector as per the provisions of section 22 of the DPA. Conclusion The university’s option of adopting the use of CRM in its services presents numerous benefits its ways of handling students’ services and in its overall management. For long-term benefits, the institution should use widely packaged customer database management software applications since they are flexible and indispensable in meeting current marketing needs (Myers 2013). Moreover, rapid and flexible software will increase the security of customers’ data thus enhancing clients’ loyalty to the institution. On marketing, the university should comprehend the provisions of the DPA to help it in differentiating between readily available data and others that are under copyright protection. References Chisnall, P. 1997, Marketing research (5th ed.), McGraw-Hill, London. Ethical Constraints, Internet Studies.  Web. Galligan, F. 2012, Altmetrics for Librarians and Institutions: Part II, Content Management Services for Librarie s and Publishers. Web. Hayes, B. 2012, Big Data has Big Implications for Customer Experience Management | Business Over Broadway, Business Over Broadway: Transforming Business Through Customer Insight. Web. Hayes, B. 2013, Big Data has Big Implications for Customer Experience Management, The Big Data Hub | Understanding big data for the enterprise. Web. Javalgi, R., Martin, M., Young, R. 2006, ‘Marketing research, market orientation and customer relationship management: a framework and implications for service providers’, Journal of Services Marketing, vol. 20. no. 1, pp. 12-23. Malhotra, N. K. Birks, D. F. 2007, Marketing research: an applied approach (3rd ed.), Prentice Hall/Financial Times, Harlow, England. Murray, M. 2013, Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Logistics. Web. Myers, R. 2013, Legal and Ethical Issues in Obtaining and Sharing Information, Morris, Manning Martin, LLP.  Web. Wilson, A. M. 2006 Marketing research: an integrated approach (2nd ed.), Prentice Hall/Financial Times, Harlow, England. This report on Swansea Metropolitan and University of Wales: Trinity St Davids was written and submitted by user Duncan Mccall to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

United States Court Systems

United States Court Systems Free Online Research Papers The United States Court Systems CJA/500 Survey of Justice and Security In the United States you will find two major court systems. They are the â€Å"State Court System† and the â€Å"Federal Court System.† The Federal Court System acts as an older brother to the state court system as federal law trumps state law. However, generally speaking it’s pretty easy to establish which system a case will proceed through. If the charges are bases on state laws, then the case proceeds through the State Court System. If the charges are based on federal laws, then the case proceeds through the Federal Court System. Even using this common sense interpretation, debate still occurs on jurisdiction. The systems parallel in many ways, but individually still maintain unique roles in America. State Court System The State Court System usually reflects a three tier model (Adler, Mueller, and Laufer, 2009). Starting at the bottom level of the model you have the courts of limited jurisdiction. Next are the courts of general jurisdiction, and finally at the top level you have the courts of last resort. Limited jurisdiction refers to the courts that have specific jurisdiction over specific types of misdemeanor cases such as traffic law violations, health law violations, civil suits, and minor criminal cases (Adler, Mueller, and Laufer, 2009). These courts include Magistrate Courts, Municipal Courts, Police Courts, Justice Courts, District Courts, Juvenile Courts, City Courts, and Small Claims Courts. The second level of courts in the State Court System are the trial courts of general jurisdiction. General jurisdiction courts are not limited to specific types of cases, but on the contrary have jurisdiction over all civil and criminal cases in the region or district they are given (Adler, Mueller, and Laufer, 2009). These courts include Superior Courts, District Courts, Circuit Courts, Court of General Sessions, and Court of Common Pleas – most popular are the Superior Courts. These courts also use juries on many accounts, and they also handle some limited jurisdiction appeal cases. An interesting model possibly to be used in other states eventually is the new system California now uses. In 1998, California began what eventually was accepted by all counties in the state, to unify their limited and general jurisdiction courts into one system of Superior Courts with general jurisdiction over all cases (California Courts, 2009). The third and final level of the courts in the State Court System are the courts of last resort. These courts include Court of Appeals, Supreme Court, and Supreme Judicial Court. Most states use a model that includes a single intermediate appellate court, and then a supreme court as the last resort (Adler, Mueller, and Laufer, 2009). This helps to filter the cases. Another way is their ability to choose which cases. These cases are known as discretionary cases. Other cases that are debated on an error of law are mandatory to be taken by the appellate and supreme state courts. They are call mandatory appeals. Ruling over all the cases in a state supreme court are five to nine justices. Federal Court System The federal court system is also made up of three levels which are the U.S. District Courts, the U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, and finally the United States Supreme Court. First are the U.S. District Courts who act as the main guardians and gatekeepers of the federal law (U.S. Courts: Federal, 2009). They have jurisdiction over almost every category of federal cases primarily civil and criminal subject matter (U.S. Courts: District, 2009). The two main exceptions to this jurisdiction are The Court of International Trade and The United States Court of Federal Claims. These two courts have jurisdiction on all cases mainly pertaining to international trade, customs issues, money claims regarding the United States, and property claims regarding the United States (U.S. Courts: District, 2009). U.S. District courts are found in 94 U.S. districts including the Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, and many other places of the continent (U.S. Courts: District, 2009). U.S. District Courts even handle bankruptcy cases in their broad spectrum of jurisdiction. Whatever the case though, in order for the case to be taken into federal court and heard it must meet the subject matter jurisdiction. The three options of meeting this requirement include diversity jurisdiction, federal question jurisdiction, and supplemental jurisdiction. After deciding subject matter jurisdiction, the venue or appropriate district is then decided and a case becomes a federal case in a federal district court. The U.S. Courts of Appeals make up the second level of the Federal Court System. There are 12 regional circuits over the 94 federal districts. The federal appellate courts handle all federal appeals that go past the district courts within their regions (U.S. Courts: Appeals, 2009). The U.S. Supreme Court makes up the highest court level in the entire United States of America. It is made up of eight associate judges led by the Chief Justice of the United States. The U.S. Supreme Court takes on a certain amount of cases each year. If a case meets guideline requirements set by congress, once it leaves federal and state courts the Supreme Court can choose to hear it (U.S. Courts: Supreme, 2009). They usually choose the cases that involve very important controversies over the Federal Law, and most importantly the U.S. Constitution. Referencesa U.S. Courts. (2009). United States Supreme Court. Retrieved August 5, 2009, from uscourts.gov/supremecourt.html U.S. Courts. (2009). About U.S. Federal Courts. Retrieved August 5, 2009, from uscourts.gov/about.html U.S. Courts. (2009). United States District Courts. Retrieved August 5, 2009, from uscourts.gov/districtcourts.html U.S. Courts. (2009). United States Courts of Appeals. Retrieved August 5, 2009, from uscourts.gov/courtsofappeals.html California Courts. (2009). Courts. Retrieved August 5, 2009, from courtinfo.ca.gov/courts/trial/about.htm Adler, Freda., Mueller, Gerhard O.W., Laufer, William S. (2009). Criminal Justice. An Introduction (5th ed.): Mcgraw-Hill. Research Papers on United States Court SystemsPETSTEL analysis of IndiaCapital PunishmentThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationQuebec and CanadaThe Relationship Between Delinquency and Drug UsePersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyBionic Assembly System: A New Concept of SelfComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Incorporating Risk and Uncertainty Factor in Capital

Gollum, Epenthesis, and Haplology

Gollum, Epenthesis, and Haplology Gollum, Epenthesis, and Haplology Gollum, Epenthesis, and Haplology By Maeve Maddox As I watched holiday re-runs of the Lord of the Rings movies, I wondered if there might be a term for the way Gollum adds syllables to words. Note: Gollum is a fictional character in The Hobbit and its sequels by J. R. R. Tolkien. In Peter Jackson’s movies, Gollum is played brilliantly by Andy Serkis. Gollum frequently adds a sound or syllable to words, especially plurals. For example: Sneaky little hobbitses. Put out his eyeses, make him crawl. What has it got in its nasty little pocketses? Master tricksed us.   Wicked, tricksy, false! There is a term for adding sounds to words: epenthesis /ee-PEN-thih-sis/. In phonology, epenthesis is the addition of one or more sounds to a word, usually within the word, but not always. The term combines Greek epi, â€Å"in addition to,† en, â€Å"in,† and thesis, â€Å"putting.† The addition of a consonant is called excrescence and the addition of a vowel is called anaptyxis. Here are some common examples of epenthesis sometimes heard in conversation: /I-dee-r/ for idea /drawr-ing/for drawing /fil-um/ for film /ath-a-leet/ for athlete /somp-thing/ for something Haplology, on the other hand, is dropping a sound or syllable from a word. The term combines Greek haplos, â€Å"simple† and logos, â€Å"speech.† Here are examples of haplology: /feb-u-ree/ for February /lye-bree/ for library /prob-ly/ for probably The examples I’ve given are all nonstandard pronunciations, but sometimes the processes of epenthesis and haplology result in alterations that eventually become standard. Epenthesis gives us England and thunder. The name England derives from the earlier form Engla land. An earlier form of thunder was thunner. Haplology is at work in the pronunciation of the British place name Worcester, which is still spelled with three syllables, but pronounced with two: /WOOS-ter/. Some regional speakers pronounce Mississippi as /mis-SIP-ee/. A similar process in spelling is called haplography: â€Å"Missippi† for Mississippi. (Also called misspelling.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Spelling category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:30 Synonyms for â€Å"Meeting†Hang, Hung, HangedEach vs. Both

Are online courses taught responsibility Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Are online courses taught responsibility - Essay Example One of the areas where it has exerted great changes is in education whereby, learning activity has changed from more interactive face-to-face learning to a less interactive online learning environment also referred to as e-learning (Sandel, 2007). This form of training is gaining popularity across the globe due to increasing use of internet and need to streamline the flow of information in all sectors of the economy. This has resulted to student’s reliance on computer from their own places of convenience as opposed to classroom culture where students interact with their teachers and their colleagues (Tait, 2003). However, this approach of teaching has raised concern of morality regarding the competence and fairness of online tutorials in fulfilling the essence of learning to the students. This system may still disadvantage some learners who may lack access to online tutorials due to high cost of connection and other materials (Howar, Schenk, & Discenza, 2004). This study will focus on different moral rules to assess the efficiency of online teaching to the distance learners. Education should contribute to equality of all students from various backgrounds by making it available and affordable to all. â€Å"Utilitarianism theory of ethics,† requires individuals to k\make their own decisions based on what they consider best for them (Sandel, 2007). Therefore, individuals can chose between online and classroom approach depending which method will satisfy their needs best. Electronic learning offers equality to many families as opposed to traditional methods of attending their studies in a classroom (Bates, 2005). This is because all students face equal treatment in case of online learning and is not biased compared to face-to-face learning where students attend different learning institutions based on their social status (Tait, 2003). However, this may turn out to be inaccessible by some students who cannot afford to pay for the services. Traditionally,

International Law as a Substantive Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

International Law as a Substantive Law - Essay Example They have been active for long enough and are administering over the peace, smooth operation of activities and other political activities monitoring and facilitating the member countries.The overall performance of international law and the organs sanctioned under it:There are number of positives that can be attributed to the existence and working of international law. This comes in form of the prevention of the Third World war. Since the horrific event of Hiroshima, Nagasaki the world has been protected from the outbreak of any nuclear war. This can be attributed to the entity of United Nations and the work of International law.Apart from this the entity of United Nations organization have intervened time and again to prevent further escalation of circumstances and scenarios in different parts of the world. The presence of U.N peace keeping force is another area that speaks of the effective presence of the global entity of United Nations.The case of Yugoslavia and U.N:Yugoslavia saw one of the most barbaric event of history since the end of Second World War. It was engulfed into a war within. The nature of the war was ethnic in nature and the subjects were being persecuted. United Nations organization as the rightful owner and protector of the humanity and mankind rose to the occasion and took notice of the events that were taking place there. It dispatched United Nations peacekeeping force that was sent for purpose of restoring peace and protecting any further escalation of the situation.

The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Essay Example for Free

The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck Essay Route 66 is the area where diners and gas stations are normally located and one of the diners around the area is owned by Mae and Al. A man enters the diner and wants to buy products for cheap prices and at first they refuse to accept and finally realized that they will compromise and give him the items for less. This era was the Great Depression and everyone was dealing with hard times with poverty and low employment. Families were trying to make ends meet and feed their families. The Joad family travels with the Wilson family who have been trying to get to California for the same purposes. The family members each have a dream that they want to achieve when they arrive at California, for example Rose of Sharon and Connor thought about moving into a new home . The family faces the fear of the family breaking down and they just want to make it work as a family and they want to remain close together. While on the way, the car breaks down and they try to fix the car. The car can symbolize the family’s current condition. As they get closer, they have a better relationship with the other families that are also heading to the place that everyone believes will bring prosperity and happiness. They arrive near the desert in Arizona before arriving at their destination and they start to dream about the life they want in California. They start to think about the materialized things that they might set their eyes on and the landowners that they might encounter with. As they arrive at California, they are struck with the news of Grannam’s death the night before and fear that they cannot go on without her. The history of California becomes well known and tells about how the Americans took away the lnad that once belonged to the Mexicans that settled there. Soon, the people from Oklahoma which they call the â€Å"Okies† arrive and the people in California fear them because they think of them as armed and hungry. The Okies decided to reside in shacks called Hoovervilles which represented the sign of poverty that existed in the Great Depression. People couldn’t afford good quality homes, so they had to build Hoovervilles named after the then President Herbert Hoover, who didn’t accomplish much while in office and the Depression was blamed on him. The Okies begin to start to fear the Californian landowners. The family begin to arrange Granma’s burial which decreases the money that they brought with them and Tom wants to find a job however there is hardly much to be found. The workers receive less pay for  long hours from their employers, the land owners. The land owners show dishonesty towards their workers and hardly pay them. Tom starts to run for his life after he tries to help his friend fight an officer and not risk his parole. Casy takes the blame and gets arrested so Tom wouldn’t be caught. The family face the harsh conditions from the police while in the shacks and the family faces more hardship as Connie leaves Rose of Sharon. The Joads are starting to decrease more in hope as they face terrible events on their way to California and risk the dangers that are on the way. I believe that if they can hold onto each other that they can achieve their dreams and get closer to it. As hey encounter these events, they start to lose their grips and feel that they cannot go on.

Insincerity is a Lie :: Communication Emotions Essays

Insincerity is a Lie â€Å"Aaargghhhh!! Ughh†¦. Daggonit†¦ That freakin hurts†¦. Etc, etc, etc†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Leesa the lovely roommate exclaimed. â€Å"Are you alright?† I chimed in a slow, mechanical, absolutely unfeeling response from my bedroom. You see, Leesa always has a gripe and complain. She seemed to think that her experience of putting in a nose ring qualified as yet another reason to distract the entire apartment from homework, and simply our own peaceful lives at the moment, and engage us in sympathies for her all-important life. Leesa now receives the attention of insincere roommates as to not drain us of our sanity and energies that should not be interrupted every two minutes to help her with things, and to ask her to elaborate upon her frequent gripes and complains about life. Granted, the girl has had a rough life, but the constant request for attention wears on us! The insincerity of the response in this situation arose from the fact that the situation was predictable and allowed for a mechanical reaction. The â€Å"caring† reply to Leesa’s distress cries came from someone that did not care. In this way, insincerity is a blatant lie. I did not really want to hear her elaborate upon the situation—to tell me that she was not alright and why. I knew Leesa was complaining about another of her perceived life crisis. I knew what she would say in response to â€Å"Are you alright?†. She would tell me that indeed, as she had just been yelling, something that she did to herself, perhaps bumped her knee or hit her head, hurt. The insincerity backing my words to Leesa allowed for her to do what she wanted to do. Insincere responses serve purposes well when the goal of the person eliciting the response is accomplished in the process. Leesa only wanted to speak out loud to express her importance and let her existence be known to everyone in the apartment. It let Leesa know where everyone in the apartment was located ( Laura, bedroom, Jenny, kitchen!) and perhaps what they were doing while she was putting her nose ring in. It gave Leesa control because a response would center all action in the apartment on her.

Reaction Paper on Prejudice and Discrimination Essay

The world that we live in today, although improving, is tainted with cruelty and hatred toward different races. Usually, we have stereotypes about people who are members of groups with which we have not had firsthand contact. We regularly make these stereotypical generalizations based on experiences we have had ourselves, seen in movies or television, read about in books and magazines, or have had related to us by family and friends. Though all these are equally significant roots for the stimulation of stereotypes, media however, is a giant force. When thinking of the topics or behaviors of prejudice and stereotyping, I synonymously think of the movie â€Å"Crash,† which exposes different kinds of social and multicultural differences, giving a quick example of how these conducts can affect a society. These behaviors are viewed as thoughts and feelings that almost everyone has felt more than once. In the first scene of the movie, a Muslim man inside a firearm store is attempting to buy a gun. The owner is a white Caucasian male that presents a negative attitude towards the customer because of his Muslim background. This feeling triggers in the owner, negative attitudes based on the assimilation and stereotypes with the Muslim race. Being immediately associated with the Al Qaeda terrorist group, which was responsible for suicidal bombers that have killed thousand of Americans. This negative attitude and violence observed in this particular scene, is an example of prejudice, known as a negative feeling and predisposition of behavior towards a group or any member belonging to that group. This is an issue not only found in America but in the whole world. In our global economy requiring functional and respectful relationships between nations, prejudice and stereotypes can be a destructive force both in the world and in individual societies, especially in diverse ones. Acting on ones hatred can lead to behavior to what we now in days call â€Å"hate crime†, such as in the scene where they break into the Muslim’s man business and vandalize the place completely. Such acts can lead us to many disgraces even death. This movie shows us the different point of view of people in our society, it gives us an insight of the stereotypes we have build within our society, within the world. It invites us to see and understand how such a small stereotype and negative attitude can go a long way and affect people in different ways. Prejudice is found between gender, religion, cultural, geographical background, and race. People have discriminated against others based upon these attributes. Besides, prejudice is largely a function of ignorance. Today, there are so many different people in this world that stereotypes are almost always incorrect, as many people choose not to be followers, but to be individuals. Asians, African-Americans, Hispanics, Caucasians, and all other ethnic groups need to look past each other’s physical characteristics and start looking inside a person to see who they truly are. After all, personalities do not lie on the outside of one’s body, but in one’s mind. I believe that society needs to raise today’s children to accept all people, no matter what they do or do not believe in or what color skin they may have. In order to reduce prejudice and discrimination, it is considered that education for children is very important. For example, exchange student program that includes not only the one between different countries but also the one between different communities within the same area. If children are raised around people who are not the same as they are in school or community, then they will most likely not think anything different of people who do not look the same as them or believe what they believe. If humanity raises their children to believe all people are equal from the beginning, then prejudice will slowly disintegrate over time. The world needs to focus on not judging people before they know them for who they are. It is very important to let children have opportunity to know the differences and to be interested in differences because ignorance is the biggest source of prejudice.

Relations of Television Viewing and Reading Essay

A lot of studies concerning television viewing impacts on students’ academic performance have been made, but there are still questions related to this that are needed to be answered. To bring more clarifications in this aspect, Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider conducted the study entitled â€Å"Relations of Television Viewing and Reading: Findings From a 4-Year Longitudinal Study†. As stated in the article, the study aims to determine the long-term effects of television viewing on the development of children’s reading competencies. After conducting scientific processes and methods among German children, the researchers were able to conclude that television viewing has a negative effect on students’ reading skills. The article was generally informative and reliable. There were some technical errors in the writing procedure, but the study itself was a success. Summary On the first part of the article, the researchers discussed four inhibition hypotheses which plausibly explain how television viewing may hinder one’s reading development. These inhibition hypotheses are: 1. Displacement hypothesis – reading time may be displaced by television watching. 2. Passivity hypothesis – low mental effort in television watching may anchor reduced effort in reading and writing. 3. Concentration Deterioration hypothesis – television’s rapid changes in context and pacing may cause children’s inability to concentrate on a task. 4. Reading Depreciation hypothesis – Students’ motivation in investing energy in learning may diminish due to pleasant experiences with television. After discussing these hypotheses, the researchers enlighten up the positive side by referring to facilitation hypothesis. This hypothesis views television as a facilitator to one’s reading development. Then, other factors affecting children’s intellectual ability such as IQ and SES were discussed. Methodological problems among previous studies explaining relationship between television watching and academic achievement were given attention. The researchers analyzed the flaws in their methodologies in order to create a better methodological design for their own study. The study was conducted for 4 years among 2 age cohorts of German children. Cohort 1 is composed of kindergarten students, while cohort 2 is composed second grade students. Their families also collaborated with the researchers to keep records of their viewing time and the genre of the programs they were viewing. Tests were given to measure their reading speed and reading comprehension. Data gathered from the 4-year study were analyzed. Results showed that TV genre affected the students’ reading achievement. Educational programs had positive effects on their reading achievement. On the other hand, entertainment programs were negatively correlated with reading comprehension. The results also showed that viewing type/duartion (light, medium, and heavy) is related to their reading progress over time. Light and medium viewers have faster reading progress compared to the heavy viewers. Critique In the research paper of Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider, hypotheses concerning the effects of television viewing on reading achievement were discussed. This is actually a good start. Putting up background information about possible results of the study would create a better understanding on readers’ perspective. This gave them the opportunity to relate studies’ results to formulated hy However, the hypotheses reviewed by the researchers seem to be lacking. On a studyconducted by Mary Antonette De Ocampo of Univeristy of the Philippines – Diliman, 2 more theories behind child’s television viewing werecited. The first one is the information processing theory which, according to her thesis paper, says that â€Å"learners are viewed as active seekers and processors of information† (De Ocampo, 2007). The other one is the short-term gratification theory which, also according to her thesis paper, says that â€Å"television programming promotes short attention spans and quick fix magical answers that are non-conducive to high levels of school success†(De Ocampo, 2007). Results shown by Marco Ennemoser and Wolfgang Scheider’s study reflect these two hypotheses cited in De Ocampo’s study. If these were included in their study, then these two hypotheses would be enlightened and there would be more contribution to the body knowledge of television viewing. Methods were expounded all throughout the paper but not in a concise manner. There were cases wherein concepts related to methods were discussed more than once. It would be more convenient to readers if methodological processes were summed up into one section. Through this, it would be easier to locate the overall procedure conducted in the study. Materials, equipment, and procedure were also not explained well in the article. According to Kastenset. al. , method section of a scientific paper must include description of materials, procedure, and theory (www. ldeo. columbia. edu, nd. ). Descriptions are needed so that readers would be able to understand the context meaning of certain words included in the paper. For example, the study did not describe what general audience entertainment programs are and how they differ from educational programs. There was a gray line between those two. There are educational programs which could be entertainment programs, too. There is a need for clarifications of descriptions. This very crucial in the conduction of study because the parents, who will record the TV programs genre watched by their children, must be informed well so that they would be able to classify the genre of certain TV programs. Yes, the researchers listed the title of educational programs in their study, but how about the audience entertainment programs? Also, descriptions are important in this for future reference.

Great Gatsby Quote Analysis Essays

Great Gatsby Quote Analysis Essays Great Gatsby Quote Analysis Paper Great Gatsby Quote Analysis Paper Triple Entry Notebook -July 4, 2014 F. Scott Fitzgerald, The Great Gatsby. Chapters 1-2. 1 . In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that Ive been turning over in my mind ever since. Whenever you feel like criticizing any one, he told me, Just remember that all the people in this world havent had the advantages that youve had. (1) 2. And so with the sunshine and the great bursts of leaves growing on the trees, Just as things grow in fast movies, I had that familiar conviction that life was beginning ever again with the summer. 12) 3. Well, these books are all scientific, Insisted Tom, glancing at her Impatiently. This fellow has worked out the whole thing. Its up to us, who are the dominant race, to watch out or these other races will take control of things. (20) : 1. This quote begins near the start of the novel. Nicks father tells Nick that before he judges anyone he should keep in mind that not everyone has had as many advantages as he had. What this means is that Nick should be empathetic to others and consider their upbringing before chastising them. Nick says that his fathers advice has been in his head wrought his entire life since he first heard it. This makes me think that Nick swears by this advice and carefully adheres to it throughout his life. I want to know more about Nick and If he really does follow this advice because it seems like a very hard quote to stand by. 2. This quote Just makes me want to know even more about Nick than before. The quote makes me think that perhaps this summer is Nicks chance to be successful at something and that he wants to change something about his life. It is also telling us that the novel will be set (or at least start) in summer. The time this book was set in as the roaring twenties and the most exciting things happen in summer such as parties and going outside. This makes me think that the book will be very exciting and enjoyable to read. I can really picture the setting that Fitzgerald is setting because of the exciting, vivid imagery (And so with the sunshine and the great bursts of leaves growing In the trees ). 3. My pollen of Tom Is already very poor because of this quote. After reading this quote my mental Image of Tom is an Ignorant, arrogant, and racist man. He seems like a pseudo-intellectual and tries to sound smart by Insisting that his pollen on there races is well founded by scientific books. I feel like he already felt that he was books simply provide assurance and gives him an excuse to think this way. I think that Tom will be one of the significant characters in this narrative because hes rich, powerful and lives close the main character, Nick. His arrogance will probably lead to conflicts later on. Group Discussion: -Daisy knows that Tom is cheating on her but refuses to acknowledge it because she feels a sense of duty towards him since shes his wife. This is because of societies view on women during this time period, men had more power and women were expected to look after their husband and stay with him through thick and thin. Gatsby is a mysterious character that nobody actually Knows. The only thing people have heard about Gatsby are rumors and it makes the reader want to know even more about Gatsby -Daisy cynically says that she wants her daughter to grow up pretty and dumb Just like her. She says this because in their society the only way for a woman to be rich and live a comfortable life is to be attractive enough to be a rich mans wife or to be born into. -After hearing a few more thoughts on Daisy my opinion of Daisy changed. I still think that she is careless and very materialistic but now she has a good reason to in my mind. There are not a lot of options for women in this setting so I cant really blame her for being the way she is. Triple Entry Notebook -July 7, 2014 Chapters 3-7. 1 . The caterwauling horns had reached a crescendo and I turned away and cut across the lawn toward home. I glanced back once. A wafer of a moon was shining over Gatsby house, making the night fine as before, sudden emptiness seemed to flow now from the windows and the great doors, endowing with complete isolation he figure of the host, who stood on the porch, his hand up in a formal gesture of farewell. (51) 2. I am one of the few honest people that I have ever known (54) 3. The truth was that Jay Gatsby, of West Egg, Long Island, sprang from his Platonic conception of himself. He was a son of God?a phrase which, if it means anything, means Just that?and he must be about His Fathers business, the service of a vast, vulgar, and meretricious beauty. So he invented Just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen year old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end. (82) 1. This quote, to me, truly illustrates how fake Gatsby life is and how lonely he is. After the exciting and extravagant party Gatsby silently waves good-bye at his guests. He barely participates in his own parties and it seems like he Just throws the parties because he feels like thats what he should be doing with his excess money. Gatsby has these parties every weekend and no one even knows who he is yet. Throughout the party people Just talk about the newest rumor they heard about Gatsby. Gatsby never meets with anyone and actually talks to them. To his party goers hes Just the mysterious guy who throws the party. Putting this all together I think that Gatsby is very lonely because he does not have any friends and probably feels incredibly isolated and lonely inside his gigantic house. 2. Nick is being hypocritical when he says that hes one of the few honest people hes ever met. He is pursuing Jordan while writing love notes to a girl back at his old home. He is basically tricking/lying both of these girls and is anything but honest. Before this I placed a lot of trust in Nick. He seems to be a spectator in this book rather than an actual character. All he does is stand by quietly and make silent observations unless someone talks to him first. After reading Nicks lie I am going to be more careful and stop blindly trusting everything Nick tells us about whats going on in his life. I can relate to what Nick says about everybody thinking they have at least one good virtue to themselves. Nobody is perfect and they know that so they try to find a redeeming quality in themselves. 3. Gatsby has longed for the American dream since he was a teenage boy. He saw that his parents were poor and looked down at them. He did not want to be as poor as they are and so he invents a new name and persona for himself. James Gate is poor and imperfect whereas Jay Gatsby is rich and powerful. Its not uncommon for the average person to dream about being rich and powerful but the fact that Gatsby followed through with his hopes and dreams to the very end is admirable. I understand that he doesnt want to be poor anymore but he should have at least appreciated his parents for raising him to the best of their abilities. -Tom freaking after Daisys affair with Gatsby was unjustified. He was perfectly okay with openly cheating on Daisy with Myrtle but once she cheats on him he becomes distraught and feels that he didnt deserve it. He feels this way because of the way their society has placed man and woman. -Nicks comment about him being one of the few honest people he has ever met is a change. Throughout the novel so far he always puts himself down and is incredibly modest.   Is this significant? Does it symbolize a change in Nicks character or has he always Just felt this way? -The scene where Nick describes Gatsby amazing smile tells us that Gatsby appears a very charismatic man. Even though Nick says Gatsby has one of the most genuine smiles hes ever seen I still doubt that Gatsby was actually smiling. I think that he smiles the way rich people will smile Just like how he throws parties the way he thinks rich people throw them. Triple Entry Notebook July 8, 2014 Chapters 8-9. 1 . Theyre a rotten crowd, I shouted across the lawn. Youre worth the whole damn bunch put together. Ive always been glad I said that. It was the only compliment I ever gave him, because I disapproved of him from beginning to end. First he nodded politely, and then his face broke into that radiant and understanding smile, as if wed been in ecstatic cahoots on that fact all the time. (124) 2. They were careless people, Tom and Daisy?they smashed up things and creatures and then retreated back into their money or their vast carelessness, or whatever it was that kept them together, and let other people clean up the mess they had made. (143) 3. And as I sat there brooding on the old, unknown world, I thought of Gatsby wonder when he first picked out the green light at the end of Daisys dock. He had come a long way to this blue lawn, and his dream must have seemed so close that he could hardly fail to grasp it. He did not know that it was already behind him, nowhere back in that vast obscurity beyond the city, where the dark fields of the republic rolled on under the night. Gatsby believed in the green light, the orgiastic future that year by year recedes before us. It eluded us then, but thats no matter tomorrow we will run faster, stretch out our arms farther And one fine morning So we beat on, boats against the current, borne back ceaselessly into the past. (144) 1. This is a very strong statement/compliment from Nick. First of all Nick has never given a compliment to Gatsby so it sounds very genuine. Second of all this is the first mime Nick has made an open Judgment after keeping all his thoughts to himself rich that he has lost his innocence and more aware of how the real world is. I think that after reading Nicks experiences he is fully Justified in what he says and the rich (in the story) truly are rotten people and Gatsby is the only redeeming person out of all of them. 2. Tom and Daisy are incredibly inconsiderate and empathetic. They are used to getting what they want all the time and so they have become this way. They create a huge mess and expect other people to handle the cleanup. At this point of the novel I Lully dislike the Buchannan, more so Tom than Daisy though. I was shocked at how little Daisy seemed to actually care about Gatsby. After reading about how she almost cancelled her wedding with Tom after she received a letter from Gatsby or how she proclaimed that she loved him after their reunion I could not believe that she did not even go to the funeral or even call. I understand that she is probably shocked by all the events that happened (the car crash + Gatsby death most of all) but all she is doing now is trying to forget about it completely and move on with her life like nothing happened. I did not expect Tom to care or even acknowledge that he was at fault for Gatsby death but I expected more from Daisy. 3. This is the last line of the novel. Nick has come to the realization that the American dream is simply that, a dream. He has witnessed the darkness and sadness in pursuing the American dream. He sees that the Buchannan are an extremely dysfunctional and unhappy family even though they seem to have it all, he sees Gatsby struggle in obtaining the dream. Gatsby had almost achieved the perfect American dream in his mind. All he needed was Daisy and his dream would be complete. Well turns out that through all his years of pursuing the dream he had built up Daisy so much in his head that she could not possibly live up to his expectations. Once he finally had Daisy he should have been happy but he wasnt, all he felt was disappointment. I think that the American dream exists because the prize is amazing. In addition as Nick says, everyday it seems that we are closer to obtaining it so we try harder and harder to obtain it in the hopes that one day well wake up and have it. I think becaus e of the events Nick went through he became corrupted and cynical of the world. Gatsby lived in the past and thats one of the reasons why he couldnt achieve his American dream. He was chasing something that was not there anymore -It was sad to see Gatsby watching out for Daisy at her house to ensure her safety and take the blame for hitting Myrtle. He truly loved her and I think at the moment where he saw Daisy acting like nothing happened, eating fried chicken with Tom was the moment that he realized that she did not love him as much as he thought she did. -Nick has seen the dark side of the rich and because of this he has been internally corrupted

How to Write a Philosophy of Education Essay

How to Write a Philosophy of Education Essay Philosophy of Education Purpose of an educational philosophy essay How to start How to create an outline How to write a thesis for an educational philosophy essay How to write an introduction Tips on introduction and thesis statement writing How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish an educational philosophy essay Tips on conclusion writing Tips on revision A philosophy of education essay sample A philosophy of education is used to explore the course, purpose, principles, as well as the nature of learning. Educational philosophy describes what teaching means to an educator and also defines how and why one teaches. Many educationalists refer to educational philosophy as module derived from worlds practical applications to be used. Purpose of an educational philosophy essay A student is supposed to write an educational philosophy paper to explain why and how instructors teach. Such an essay also explores the goals and motivations of a teacher as well as how one approaches education in order to teach others. Moreover, the purpose of the perfect essay on the philosophy of education is to explain strategies used to enlighten learners about how instructors are. How to start Before starting an educational philosophy essay, the writer should first outline the ideas that one wants to include in the essay. One can figure out his or her views on education and draft some of the significant points. Also, the writer can read different sources to see how education philosophy has been. How to create an outline Educational philosophy statements are often transcribed using the first person because they focus on your specific profession. However, one should write about one or two pages although this varies if one has an extensive career. An efficient educational philosophy essay should have a brief introduction followed by body paragraphs; also, one must include a conclusion. For instance: Introduction: you can describe your views regarding teaching. Body paragraphs: by using three to five paragraphs, the writer can explore the main topic and ideas of how one facilitates learning. Conclusion: you can summarize your points here and also explain how to utilize them in future. How to write a thesis for an educational philosophy essay In an educational philosophy paper, a thesis that you develop holds the most significant part of the essay. Your thesis statement has the ability to state, regulate, and structure the whole argument in the essay. A thesis explains to your reader about your stand on a certain topic. While developing a thesis, one should not write a broad statement nor too shallow. Your thesis should also be supported in your essay. Furthermore, a strong thesis can be challenged and also be opposed. How to write an introduction The introduction paragraph contains information that let your reader know what is in the essay. While writing the introduction, one should include a thesis statement that sums up your essays main point. Therefore, the writer is supposed to develop an introductory that illustrates some philosophical experiences that leads the reader gently to the thesis statement. Moreover, one should write an introduction that gives the reader a reason to continue with the rest of the paper. Tips on introduction and thesis statement writing While developing your introduction and thesis statement, you need to present engaging information. Therefore, the introduction should catch your readers attention for instance by using interesting statistics. Next, your introduction should be precise and should not start arguing the main ideas. Then, set up your essay by presenting the background of your topic and thesis statement. One should also not write a thesis that is evident or a fact. How to write body paragraphs While writing the body paragraphs, you should utilize the notes that were drafted while outlining the essay. However, the purpose of the body is to argue and prove your thesis statement. In this part, one should deeply discuss the main points by giving examples of how to put your ideas into practice. Tips on body writing The first step of writing the body is to develop topic sentences at the beginning of each new paragraph. Then, each of your paragraphs should present a single idea and should have 4-5 sentences. Each of your body paragraphs should have a logical argument which follows a logical pattern. Moreover, one should confirm whether the paragraphs flow easily to make your points readable. Lastly, the writer should avoid technical language. How to finish an educational philosophy essay A philosophy of education essay should be concluded in a conclusion paragraph. In this paragraph, one should simply go beyond reaffirming the educational philosophy. The writer should, therefore, talk about the instructors objectives and how to succumb future challenges in educational institutions. Tips on conclusion writing The writer should conclude the paper with strong points for the readers to remember the work. Also, one can return to the introductory points as a proof that the essay is helpful. The writer can include a brief summary of the main points without repeating information in your essay. Lastly, one can propose a solution to a certain issue stated in the paper. Tips on revision The main purpose of the writer to develop an educational essay is to lastly present an efficient piece of work. However, after completing your essay, the first thing you should do is to proofread your work. Then, ensure all your examples are transitional and support your thesis. Then correct all grammatical errors and format your essay correctly. A philosophy of education essay sample I believe the key to a successful and a happy life is to have the freedom to do what you want and this can be achieved through education. Education is a unique experience for the students and in order for all students to benefit from it, teachers and educators have to be fully knowledgeable about the importance of their teaching. Therefore, the philosophy of education is very important especially by giving young people the power and courage to pursue their life goals. The more enlightened you are, the more control you have over your future. By offering quality education to all students, one equips learners with essential tools for success in life. Academic teaching begins with inspiration and motivation. I believe that students deserve the teachers passion for learning because this makes both the students and the teacher more ready to engage in active learning. However, in order to attain active learning, as a teacher I have to demonstrate enthusiasm as well as confidence in my students learning. Displaying readiness in the classroom makes the students feel that one supports their learning and also the subject is relevant to their life. My personal objective is to challenge my future students and also watch them develop to full potential people. I also, want to take them through different levels of education which will help them grow together as they better everyones life. I want to take them through a straightforward instruction that will help them expand and grow on their own. However, group work and class discussions are the significant aspects of a successful class. When one offers the student a chance to participate in group projects, this changes each students atmosphere in the classroom because students help each other develop academically. Also, group work and class discussions give one a chance to develop freedom of creativity and expression and also help one realize his or her weakness and strengths. Engaging constructivist methods in ones teaching drives the students to create an active role in education. For example, physical experiments make sure all students attain their best and also discover their st rengths. As a teacher, to accomplish my goals, it is important to develop mutual respect and honest relationship with my students. Ones relationship with the student is a high priority that is created through communication and through this, a democratic and fair learning environment can be established. A creating a good relationship with my students can possibly make a safe and confident interaction within the academic setting. Therefore, ones this foundation is created, as a teacher, I have already attained a major goal that is; my students will morally conduct themselves in the classroom as they prepare themselves for future survival and adult interaction. How as a teacher I carry out the teaching is more important as what I teach. The method of teaching establishes a connection between the students and the teacher. However, the teacher is supposed to exercise a mentoring role over the students and demonstrate consistency so that students can emulate the same traits as they grow. Moreover, having a personal connection with all students can facilitate equal chances for all students success.